Gametogenesis in Frog: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

 Gametogenesis: The process of formation of gametes is Called gametogenesis.

It takes place in gonads. Male gonad is testis while female gonad is ovary. The male gamete is Sperm while female gamete is ovum or egg.
Gametes are haploid. Thus , meiosis division takes place during their formation.
Types of gametogenesis: It is of two types; Spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
• spermatogenesis: The process of formation of male gametes or sperms is called Spermatogenesis. It takes place in testis and gets completed in 3 phases;
• Multiplication phase,
• Growth phase and
• Maturation phase.

Previous year questions of Plasmodium.

Frog: Excretory system.

 In Frog, it consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and Cloaca.

Frog:Lymphatic system

 It Consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph hearts,  lymph spaces and spleen.

Frog: Heart

Heart is  a muscular organ and acts as pump. It's main function is to pump blood. It is located at the level of forelimbs in body Cavity in between two lungs. It is roughly triangular, reddish dark Coloured structure. It lies inside pericardium which is double layered sac like Structure.

Frog: Respiratory system

 The process of intake of oxygen to oxidise food to release energy and throw out of Carbondioxide is Called respiration.

The process of intake of oxygen and through out of Carbondioxide is called breathing or External respiration while oxidation of food to release energy is Called respiration or internal respiration or Cellular respiration.

Human disease: Candidiasis

 candidiasis is fungal infection. There are many kinds of fungi that live in human body as commensals. one of such fungi is Candida which is found in Skin, mouth, armpit, belly, genitalia (vagina/ penis) etc. without Causing any harm.

Causative agent: It is Caused by fungi Candida. The most common species is Candida albicans. It is present in different parts of human body as Commensals. when immune Power of body decreases or Candida gets Suitable Condition, Candida grow rapidly and become Pathogenic. Thus, it is opportunistic pathogen.
It's risk is more in people with weak immunity,  obesity, during pregnancy, stress, lack of sleep, regular use of antibiotics, diabetes, HIV/AIDS etc.

Types of Candidiasis:
on the basis of body parts infected Candidiasis may be of following types:
* oral or Thrush or oropharyngeal Candidiasis: Candidiasis of mouth and throat.
* Genital Candidiasis: Candidiasis of genital organs like Vulva & Vagina (vulvo-vaginal) in female and penis in male.
* systemic or Invasive : when yeast enters into blood and passes into different internal organs like Spleen, kidney, Bones, muscles, Joints, eyes etc.
* cutaneous: Candidiasis of skin/nail.