Chapter wise Questions of zoology_ XII
1. Animal tissue:
1. List the functions of epithelial tissue.
2. What are the types of simple epithelium? Give one example and function of each type.
3. write about pseudostratified epithelium.
4. write the differences between Keratinised and non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with examples.
5. write about transitional epithelium with examples & functions.
6. Describe the Structure of areolar tissue.
7. Describe the structure of Adipose tissue.
8. Describe different types of fibers found in connective tissue.
9. Describe different types of cells found in connective tissue.
10. Explain the types and functions of connective tissue.
11. write about Haversian Canal system.
12. Describe the Structure of neuron.
13. write short notes on Erythrocytes.
14. List the functions of plasma.
15. Describe the types of Leucocytes.
16. compare and contrast:
→ striated muscle and smooth muscle.
→ Bone and Cartilage
→ Blood and lymph
→ myellinated and non- myellineted nerve fiber
→ Compact bone and spongy bone.
17. write about Types of cartilages.
18. Describe the structure of skeletal muscle fiber.
19. Differentiate between ligament and tendon.
2. Developmental Biology:
1. Define gametogenesis. write the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
2. Describe the process of spermatogenesis with labelled diagram.
3. Describe the process of oogenesis with labelled diagram.
4. Describe the structure of sperm with labelled diagram.
5. Describe the structure of ovum with labelled diagram.
6. Describe the process of fertilization in Frog.
OR
Describe the Changes which takes place after entry of sperm in egg.
7. what is clearage? which type of cleavage takes place in Frog? Describe it in Frog.
8. Define Morulla.How Can you say that true morulla is absent in Frog? Explain with reasons.
9. Describe the process of blastulation in Frog with labelled diagram.
10. Describe the fate or presumptive areas of blastula with labelled diagram.
11. Describe the process of gastrulation in Frog with diagrams.
12. Describe the structure of complete gastrula with labelled diagram.
13. Describe the process of neurulation or neurogenesis in Frog.
14. Describe the process of notogenesis in Frog.
15. How is Coelom formed in Frog. Describe it.
16. write the fate of three germ layers.
17. Describe the process of formation of archenteron during development of Frog.
3. Human population and Health disorders:
1. Describe the causes of human population growth
2. Discuss the consequences of over population.
3. Describe the control methods of over population.
4. Describe the different types of growth curves of population.
5. Discuss the trends of human population growth.
6. Describe various factors controlling population growth.
7. what is Malthus theory of human population? Discuss the Consequences of over population.
8. Describe the measures of family planning.
9. write short notes on cardiovascular diseases.
10. In brief, discuss about renal disorders.
11. Discuss different types of respiratory disorders.
12. Discuss the causes, symptoms, effects and control measures of alcohol.
13. Discuss the causes, symptoms, effects and Control methods of drug addiction.
14. Explain sources and biological effects of different Categories of drugs.
15. Explain Causes, symptoms, effects and Control measures for smoking.
16. How are young people getting involved in drug addiction? highlights the effects shown in human health.
4. Applied Biology:
1. Define Amniocentesis. write its procedure. Mention its misuse.
2. Define In vitro fertilization. Discuss it's process.
3. IVF technology is boon for the people with infertility. How does IVF help such people? what ethical issues are being raised regarding surrogacy?
4. Discuss the types of transplantation with examples.
5. What is transplantation? why the transplanted tissues are rejected? What are the methods to prevent rejection?
6. Explain the scope of fish farming in Nepal.
7. List the types of fish ponds.
8. write the advantages of fish farming.
9. write note on poultry farming.
10. Describe the advantages of poultry farming.
11. why is poultry farming important for Nepalese society?
13. Discuss about vaccines and their types.
14. Discuss immunity and its types.
15. Describe the process of pond management in fish farming.
16. write short note on transgenesis.
17. Describe the application of fermentation in industries.
18. Discuss the application of microorganisms in dairy and beverage industries.
19. Describe the stages of sewage water treatment.
20. Describe Causative agent, mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of following diseases; typhoid, tuberculosis, Hepatitis, AIDS, Cholera, influenza and Candidiasis.
4. Human Biology:
Digestive system:
1. Describe structure and types of human teeth. write the dental formula of human.
2. write about taste papillae and taste areas in human tongue.
3. write the role of bile in fat digestion.
4. Describe the functions of liver.
5. Discuss the structure of human pancreas. why is pancreas Called Complete digestive gland.
6. Describe in brief, the action of different proteolytic enzymes.
7. Explain protein digestion in human alimentary Canal.
8. How Carbohydrate is digested in human digestive tract.
9. Describe the alimentary Canal of human with suitable diagrams.
10. Describe the process of digestion in human being.
11. Describe the process of absorption of fat. write the differences between active and passive absorption.
12. Explain large intestine of human.
13. Describe the histology of alimentary Canal.
14. write about Salivary glands.
15. write about gastric glands.
16. Describe the structure of human liver.
17. write about intestinal glands.
18. Discuss the hormones Controlling the process of digestion.
Respiratory system:
1. Describe the mechanism of breathing in human.
2. Explain Carbon dioxide transport.
3. Discuss the role of diaphragm and inter Coastal muscles in respiration.
4. What is the function of lungs? Describe process of oxygen transport.
5. Discuss the internal structure of human lungs and mention its working mechanism.
6. Describe the physiology of respiration in human being.
7. Describe respiratory organs of human.
8. what is percentage Saturation of blood. Describe oxygen dissociation curve. list the factors affecting oxygen dissociation curve.
9. What is spirometry? Describe different types of pulmonary air volumes and air Capacities.
10. Discuss artificial respiration and its importance.
11. How does the process of respiration is regulated? Explain it.
circulatory system
1. Define circulation. List the functions of cir culation.
2. List the differences between open Circulation and closed Circulation.
3. Differences between single and double circulation.
4. Differences between Myogenic and neurogenic heart.
5. Draw a labelled diagram of human heart.
6. Discuss natural pacemaker and artificial pacemaker.
7. Describe the different types of blood vessels.
8. Define heart beat. Explain the Origin and Conduction of heart beat.
9. write short notes on Cardiac Cycle.
10. write short notes on blood pressure.
11. Discuss heart sounds.
12. Blood supply to brain.
13. Describe Portal systems in human.
14. write short notes on ABO- system of Blood grouping.
15. write short notes on identification of Blood group.
16. Discuss the process of blood transfusion.
17. Describe Erythroblastosis foetalis.
18. Describe the internal structure of human heart with labelled diagram.
19. Explain the Course of Circulation of blood in human.
20. Describe Arterial system of human.
21. Describe venous system of human.
Excretory system:
1. Draw a labelled diagram of human kidney.
2. List the functions of human kidney.
3. write short notes on malphigian body.
4. Describe the types of nephron.
5. write about juxta glomerular apparatus.
6. Discuss RAAS.
7. Describe the role of ADH in osmoregulation.
8. Role of skin in homeostasis.
9. Role of Kidney in homeostasis.
10. Role of liver in homeostasis.
11. Describe the internal structure of Kidney with labelled diagram.
12. Describe the structure of nephron with labelled diagram.
13. Explain the mechanism of urine formation.
14. Role of Aldosteron in osmoregulation.
15. Discuss micturition and Composition of urine.
Endocrine system:
1. Differences between exocrine and endocrine gland.
2. Discuss Role of hypothalamus to regutale endocrine system.
3. Describe pituitary as master gland.
4. Describe the location and structure of pituitary gland.
5. Explain the hormones of anterior pituitary with their functions.
6. list the hormones and their functions of Posterior pituitary.
7. Explain the disorders of Growth hormone and ADH.
8. Explain the location and structure of thyroid gland.
9. list the functions of thyroid hormones.
10. Explain the disorders of thyroid hormones.
11. Discuss the location and structure of parathyroid gland.
12. write about hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.
13. Describe the location and structure of adrenal gland.
14. Discuss the hormones of adrenal Cortex.
15. list the functions of mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoides and sexcorticoides.
16. Explain the disorders due to hormones of adrenal cortex.
17. Name the hormones of adrenal medulla and list their functions.
18. Describe the structure of islets of Largerhan's.
19. Discuss the hormones of pancreas with their functions.
20. write about Diabetes mellitus.
21. write short note on pineal gland and it's hormones.
22. Diabetes mellitus vs Diabetes insipidus.
Nervous system:
1. write about meninges of brain & spinal Cord.
2. Discuss Cerebrospinal fluid.
3. Explain the structure and functions of human brain.
4. Explain the Structure of spinal cord and spinal nerves
5. write about Cranial nerves.
6. write about spinal nerves.
7. Discuss ventricles of brain and direction of flow of CSF.
9. write the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
10. Explain the process of nerve impulse Conduction in
non- myelinated nerve fiber and myellinated nerve fiber.
11. what is synapse? Describe the mechanism of impulse Conduction across synapse.
sense organs:
1. Discuss the glands present in human eye.
2. Explain Extra ocular muscles responsible for movement of eye in Orbit. List the nerves regulating these muscles.
3. Explain the structure of human eye with labelled diagram.
4. what is accomodation? How is it maintained?
5. Differences between rods and Cones.
6. List some disorders of human eye with Cause and remedies.
7. Describe the structure of human Ear with labelled diagram.
8. Discuss Ear ossicles and list their functions.
9. Describe the structure of cochlea.
10. Name the sensory units In inner ear with their functions.
11. Describe the mechanism of hearing.
12. Describe the mechanism of vision.
13. Describe the structure of Retina.
Reproductive system:
1. Explain male reproductive organs of human with required diagram.
2. List the functions of sertoli cells.
3. Explain female reproductive organs with labelled diagram.
4. write about structure and function of mammary gland.
5. Explain the structure of graffian follicle.
6. Differences between Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans.
7. Descibe menstrual cycle in female.
8. Explain the role of estrogen and progesterone.
9. Describe the internal structure of testis with labelled diagram.
10. Discuss the hormones responsible for proper functioning of male and female reproductive organs.