Human Arterial System

 

 Human Arterial system :

consists of two main arteries :

1. pulmonary artery and

2. Aorta

pulmonary artery :

Arises from top Left  region of Rt. ventricle and divides into two branches : Rt. pulmonary artery and Lt. pulmonany artery. Rt- Pulmonary artery Carry deoxygenated blood to Rt lungs. Lt. pulmonary artery Carry deoxygenated blood to Lt lungs.

 

Aorta: Arises from top right region of left ventricle It ascends, get curved towards left and descends down. thus, it has ascending aorta, arc of aorta and descending aorta.

The ascending aorta gives a pair of coronary artery inside pericardium to the wall heart.

 

- Arc of aorta gives 3 arteries -

Branchiocephalic artery , Lt. Common Carotid artery and Lt. subclavian artery.

Branchiocephalic artery : divides into two branches : Rt common Carotid artery and Rt subclavian artery

Rt. common Carotid artery : divides into Rt. internal Carotid artery and Rt. External Carotid artery.

R t. internal Carotid artery supplies blood to Brain ( Neural artery), Eye ( opthalmic artery) , Nose (nasal artery) precephalic artery to parts of head.

 

Rt. external Carotid artery supplies blood to superficial parts of head by following arteries:

• Superior thyroid artery - to thyroid gland and adjacent muscles.

• Facial artery to facial parts of head.

• occipital artery to occipute part of head.

• temporal artery to temporal frontal and Parietal parts of head.

• Lingual artery to tongue.

• Mandibular artery to lower Jaw.

• Maxillary artery to upper jaw

 

Rt. Subclavian artery - divides into two main branches:

vertebral artery and Auxilliary artery.

• vertebral artery: supplies blood to shoulder region and move towards head from the side of neck and Supplies blood to neck and brain.

  Rt. Axillary artery: supplies blood to scapular region and then enter inside forelimb as branchial artery at lower margin of teres major muscle.

Branchial artery supplies blood to arm region and divides into

radial and ulnar artery at the region of elbow.

the radial and ulnar arteries remain connected with each other by deep and superficial palmar arches at the region of palm from these palmar arches, the palmar arteries and arises supplies blood to palm and fingers.

 

Lt. Common Carotid artery: As in Rt. Common Carotid artery.

Lt. Subclavian artery: As in Rt. Subclavian artery.

Blood supply to Brain:

The terminal branches of two internal Carotid artery and two vertebral artery [ Basilar arteries] enter inside cranium and they form anastomosis [ interconnections of arteries] which is a circular structure and called Circle of willi or willi's Circle.

Three arteries; Anterior Cephalic, middle Cephalic and posterior cephalic arises from Circle of willi and supplies blood to brain.

 

Aorta descends and runs mid-dorsally up to posterior end of body. In thoracic region aorta gives following paired arteries.

- Oesophageal arteries to oesophagus.

- Bronchial arteries to bronchus.

- Inter coastal arteries to intercostal muscles.

- superior phrenic arteries to diaphragm.

 

Aorta penetrates diaphragm and enters inside abdominal cavity and gives following arteries:

- A pair of inferior phrenic arteries to diaphragm.

- A single Coeliac artery in It. side which divides into hepatic artery to liver and gastric artery to stomach, spleen and pancreas .

- Anterior mesenteric artery to small intestine.

- A pair of renal arteries to kidney. from each renal artery a supra renal artery arises and supply blood to adrenal gland.

 - A pair of gonadial artery to gonads.

- Posterior mesenteric artery to rectum and large intestine

- Four pairs of lumbar arteries to muscles of abdominal wall.

- At posterior end of body Aorta bifurcates into common iliac arteries.

Each common iliac artery divides into internal iliac artery and external iliac artery

Internal iliac artery supplies blood to organs of pelvic region urinary bladder, uterus, anus etc.

External iliac artery enters inside hindlimb of own side as femoral artery to supply blood to back side of thigh.

At the region of Knee it is Called popliteal artery which divides into anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery and supplies blood to leg.

* Coccygeal artery supplies blood to Coccyx.

* vasa vasorum supplies blood to blood vessels.

* Vasa Nervourum supplies blood to nerves.

* In liver 80% blood supply by hepatic portal vein and 20% supply by hepatic artery.